Process for producing holographic material

ABSTRACT

Processes for producing a holographic material wherein the holographic image is formed on a polished, substantially smooth surface of a printing element and then transferred the holographic image to a substrate. A coating is applied to the smooth surface of the printing element to provide a coated surface, the coated surface is embossed or engraved to provide the holographic image, and the holographic image is then transferred to a substrate via a bonding material, thereby producing the holographic material. The holographic material may be used to provide a decorative cover for an object or item, such as a floral grouping or a potted plant.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 10/217,657, filed Aug. 12, 2002; which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/611,932, filed Jul. 7, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,454,895, issued Sep. 24, 2002; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/372,526, filed Aug. 11, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,372,073, issued Apr. 16, 2002, the contents of which are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[0002] Not applicable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] 1. Field of the Invention

[0004] The present invention relates generally to processes for producing decorative material, and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to processes for producing holographic material, as well as methods for using same.

[0005] 2. Brief Description of the Prior Art

[0006] Processes for producing holographic materials are well known in the art. One process involves passing a layer of plastic, for example, through a machine which imparts an image within the covering or upper strata of the plastic layer. A powdered metallic constituent or component (e.g. aluminum) is then applied thereon by a metallizing process. After metallizing, a holographic or 3-dimensional image is imparted on the metallized layer of plastic. This image is extremely pleasing and is widely used within the credit card and security industries since the resulting image is difficult to duplicate and thus assists in the prevention of fraud by counterfeiting, for example. However, images produced by this process can be quite expensive since the machines required for production of the images are complicated and costly in and of themselves. Additionally, holographic images produced by this process are usually small in size, and larger holographic images cannot be imprinted by this process. Thus, this process of producing holographic images has not been widely used outside of the credit card and novelty industry.

[0007] A process for producing large sheets of holographic material at a lower cost than the process described above involves producing the holographic image laminated to a polymeric support, contacting the holographic image on the polymeric support to a substrate such as tissue paper or foil via an adhesive, and delaminating the polymeric support, thereby transferring the holographic image from the polymeric support to the tissue paper or foil substrate. The image cannot be directly applied to a substrate having a rough surface because the rough surface of the substrate will refract light and will not have a highly reflective finish, thereby disrupting the holographic image.

[0008] Therefore, new and improved methods for producing holographic material requiring less time and expense are being sought. It is to such a process for producing holographic material that the present invention is directed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] According to the present invention, processes for producing holographic material are provided which avoid the disadvantages and defects of the prior art, making the processes more economically feasible. Broadly, processes are provided for transferring holographic images to a substrate to produce a holographic material. These processes involve producing the holographic image on a polished, substantially smooth surface and then transferring the holographic image to a substrate, thereby bypassing the need for the lamination/delamination steps used in the prior art.

[0010] In one aspect of the present invention, a printing element having a polished, substantially smooth surface is provided, and a metallic coating is applied to the smooth surface of the printing element to provide a coated surface. The coated surface is embossed or engraved to provide the holographic image on the coating, and the holographic image is then transferred to a substrate, thereby producing a holographic material.

[0011] In another aspect of the present invention, a non-metallic coating may be applied to the smooth surface of the printing element to provide a coated surface, which is then embossed or engraved to provide an image. The embossed or engraved coated surface may then be metallized, if necessary, to provide a holographic image on the coating, and the holographic image is transferred to a substrate to produce the holographic material.

[0012] The production of holographic materials in accordance with the present invention may be performed as a continuous process or as a batch process. Applications of the holographic materials produced in accordance with the present invention include wrapping a floral grouping and providing a decorative cover for an object such as a flower pot or a potted plant, decorative wrappings for various food and gift items, decorative and non-decorative elements, pigments, Christmas ornaments, etc.

[0013] An object of the present invention is to provide improved processes for producing holographic materials.

[0014] Another object of the present invention, while achieving the before-stated object, is to provide processes for producing holographic materials which do not suffer from the disadvantages of the prior art processes.

[0015] Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016]FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a sheet of holographic material having a holographic image embossed thereon produced by a continuous process in accordance with the present invention.

[0017]FIG. 2 is a partial schematic representation of an apparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process, the apparatus utilizing a cylindrical drum and an embossing element.

[0018]FIG. 2A is a partial schematic representation of another apparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process.

[0019]FIG. 2B is a partial schematic representation of yet another apparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process.

[0020]FIG. 3 is a partial schematic representation of another apparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process, the apparatus utilizing a cylindrical drum and an embossing element.

[0021]FIG. 3A is a partial schematic representation of yet another apparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process.

[0022]FIG. 3B is a partial schematic representation of another apparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process.

[0023]FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a sheet of holographic material having a holographic image engraved thereon produced by another continuous process in accordance with the present invention.

[0024]FIG. 5 is a partial schematic representation of an apparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process, the apparatus utilizing a cylindrical drum and an engraving element.

[0025]FIG. 6 is a partial schematic representation of another apparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process, the apparatus utilizing a cylindrical drum and an engraving element.

[0026]FIG. 7 is a side elevational view illustrating a sheet of holographic material having a holographic image embossed thereon produced by a batch process in accordance with the present invention.

[0027]FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic representation of a flat plate used to produce sheets of holographic material having a holographic image embossed thereon in accordance with the present invention, the flat plate having a coating disposed on a surface thereof.

[0028]FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate with a coated surface of FIG. 8 and an embossing plate for embossing the coated surface of the flat plate to provide an embossed coated surface with a holographic image thereon.

[0029]FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG. 9 having an embossed coated surface and a holographic image thereon, the embossed coated surface of the flat plate having a bonding material applied thereto.

[0030]FIG. 10A is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG. 9 having an embossed coated surface and a holographic image thereon, and a substrate having a bonding material applied thereto.

[0031]FIG. 10B is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG. 9 having an embossed coated surface and a holographic image thereon and a substrate, wherein bonding material is applied to the embossed coated surface of the flat plate and to the substrate.

[0032]FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG. 10 having an embossed coated surface with a holographic image thereon and a bonding material applied thereto, the bonding material bondingly connecting the embossed coated surface to a substrate to produce a sheet of holographic material constructed from the coating containing a holographic image and the substrate.

[0033]FIG. 11A is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate having an embossed coated surface with a holographic image thereon and the substrate of FIG. 10A, the bonding material disposed on the substrate bondingly connecting the holographic image to the substrate to produce a sheet of holographic material.

[0034]FIG. 11B is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate having an embossed coated surface with a holographic image thereon and the substrate of FIG. 10B, the bonding material bondingly connecting the holographic image to the substrate to produce a sheet of holographic material.

[0035]FIG. 12 is a side elevational view illustrating a sheet of holographic material having a holographic image engraved thereon produced by another batch process in accordance with the present invention.

[0036]FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic representation of a flat plate used to produce sheets of holographic material having a holographic image engraved thereon in accordance with the present invention, the flat plate having a coating disposed on a surface thereof.

[0037]FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate with a coated surface of FIG. 13 and an engraving element for engraving the coated surface of the flat plate to provide an engraved coated surface with a holographic image thereon.

[0038]FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG. 14 having an engraved coated surface and a holographic image thereon, the engraved coated surface of the flat plate having a bonding material applied thereto.

[0039]FIG. 16 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG. 15 having an engraved coated surface with a holographic image thereon and a bonding material applied thereto, the bonding material bondingly connecting the engraved coated surface to a substrate to produce a sheet of holographic material constructed from the coating containing a holographic image and the substrate.

[0040]FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a roll of holographic material constructed in accordance with the present invention and illustrating a knife assembly being actuated by an actuator to cut at least a portion of the roll of holographic material into elongated strips of holographic material.

[0041]FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the roll of holographic material of FIG. 17, showing the knife assembly being actuated in a second direction, so as to cut the elongated strips of holographic material into segments of holographic material.

[0042]FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a floral grouping disposed on a sheet of holographic material.

[0043]FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the floral grouping of FIG. 19 being wrapped in the sheet of holographic material in one method of wrapping with the sheet of holographic material.

[0044]FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the floral grouping wrapped in the sheet of holographic material in a conical fashion.

[0045]FIG. 22 is a perspective view of another method of using a sheet of holographic material to wrap a floral grouping, wherein the floral grouping is wrapped in the sheet of holographic material in a cylindrical fashion.

[0046]FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a sheet of holographic material having a flower pot disposed thereon.

[0047]FIG. 24 is a perspective view of the sheet of holographic material of FIG. 23 partially wrapped about the flower pot.

[0048]FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the sheet of holographic material of FIG. 23 wrapped about the flower pot.

[0049]FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a pre-formed decorative pot cover formed from a sheet of holographic material.

[0050]FIG. 27 is a diagrammatic, cross-sectional view of a male and female mold having a sheet of holographic material disposed therebetween for forming the preformed decorative pot cover of FIG. 26.

[0051]FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a pre-formed decorative pot cover formed from a sheet of holographic material wherein the pre-formed decorative pot cover has a potted plant disposed therein.

[0052]FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a sleeve for wrapping about a floral grouping, wherein the sleeve is constructed from a holographic material in accordance with the present invention.

[0053]FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a wrapper comprising the sleeve of FIG. 29 and a floral grouping disposed therein, with a bloom portion of the floral grouping disposed adjacent a first end of the sleeve and a stem portion of the floral grouping extending from a second end of the sleeve.

[0054]FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a modified wrapper similar to the wrapper of FIG. 30 but having a bonding material disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve, and showing the wrapper crimped about the stem portion of the floral grouping, the crimped portion forming overlapping folds.

[0055]FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a modified wrapper similar to the wrapper of FIG. 30 but having a bonding material disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve, and showing the wrapper crimped about the stem portion of the floral grouping, the crimped portion forming overlapping folds.

[0056]FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a wrapper formed from the holographic material of the present invention wherein the wrapper comprises a flower pot and a sleeve for covering the flower pot wherein the sleeve is provided with vertical and circumferential perforations.

[0057]FIG. 34 is a perspective view of the wrapper of FIG. 33 wherein the vertical perforations of the sleeve are torn open and the circumferential perforations of the sleeve are partially torn.

[0058]FIG. 35 is a perspective view of the wrapper of FIGS. 33 and 34 wherein an upper portion of the sleeve has been torn away and a remaining lower portion of the sleeve forms a decorative flower pot cover.

[0059]FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a wrapper formed from the holographic material of the present invention wherein the wrapper comprises a sleeve sized to wrap a floral grouping having a single bloom and a single stem and a floral grouping having a single bloom and a single stem.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The Embodiments of FIGS. 1-6

[0060] Referring now to the drawings, shown in FIG. 1 and designated therein by the reference numeral 10 is a sheet of holographic material constructed in accordance with the present invention by a continuous process. The sheet of holographic material 10 comprises a substrate 12 having a holographic design or image 14 formed thereon. The holographic image 14 provides the sheet of holographic material 10 with a holographic or 3-dimensional appearance.

[0061] The term “holographic image” as used herein is to be understood to mean a three-dimensional image most visible from an oblique angle. The unique properties of holographic images are that they appear to float in space, are true-to-life and can change perspective, that is, permit one to look around corners and watch hidden features of the image come to light.

[0062] Further, the “holographic image” can be in any geometric form, or any combination of geometric forms, for example, squares, round spots, triangles, rectangles, octagonals, or the like, or any non-geometric, asymmetrical or fanciful forms, or any combination thereof, for example, but not by way of limitation, hearts, balloons, flowers, lace, slogans, logos, print (any combination of letters and/or numbers), signs, human forms (real and fictional), animal forms (real and fictional), cartoon characters, and/or plant forms. Such holographic images may include a color, or a portion of a color, or a combination of colors and designs. Alternatively, at least a portion of the holographic image may be colorless, translucent, transparent, opaque, pearlescent, iridescent, or the like.

[0063] The term “substrate” when used herein means a sheet of material capable of receiving the holographic image 14 and which provides stability to the holographic image 14. The substrate 12 of the sheet of holographic material 10 may be flexible or non-flexible. The substrate 12 can be constructed of any suitable material capable of receiving a holographic image, such as polymeric film, foil, paper, tissue, laminations thereof and combinations thereof. The substrate 12 includes a surface 16 which may be substantially rough and textured or substantially smooth. For example, tissue paper, kraft paper and high density polyethylene film often have rough surfaces, while foil and chromecoat paper typically have smooth surfaces.

[0064] The thickness of the substrate 12 can vary widely. Generally, however, the substrate 12 has a thickness in a range from about 0.0002 mil to about 30 mil, and more desirably from about 0.1 mil to about 20 mil.

[0065] The substrate 12 may have various printings, colorings, coatings, embossings, texturizing, flocking and/or metallic finishes, or other decorative surface ornamentation applied separately or simultaneously or may be characterized totally or partially by pearlescent, translucent, transparent, iridescent, or other finishes. Each of the above-named characteristics may occur alone or in combination, and when present in combination, such characteristics may be in or out of register with one another.

[0066] Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, an apparatus 17 for continuously producing the holographic material 10 is schematically illustrated. As will be more fully described hereinafter, the holographic material 10 is produced using a printing element 18. The printing element 18 may be provided with a smooth surface or a rough surface. When the printing element 18 is provided with a smooth surface, the need to produce the holographic image on a substrate having a smooth surface, such as required by the prior art methods, is substantially eliminated.

[0067] The term “printing element” as used herein means any element having a surface capable of having a holographic image produced thereon whereby the holographic image can be transferred to a substrate without substantially distorting the holographic image. Thus, the printing element 18 for producing the holographic material 10 utilizing the apparatus 17 may be, for example, but not limited to, a cylindrical drum, a roller and the like. The printing element 18 may be constructed of any suitable material capable of having a polished, substantially smooth surface and which is capable of having the holographic image formed thereon for transfer to a desired substrate. The printing element 18 may be constructed of chrome, stainless steel, tool steel and the like. The printing element 18 may also be constructed in part of a resilient or non-resilient material such that the printing element 18 is provided with a resilient or non-resilient surface.

[0068] The printing element 18 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 is a cylindrical drum 20 having a smooth surface 22. The cylindrical drum 20 permits the holographic material 10 to be continuously produced. A coating 30 capable of receiving a holographic image is applied to the smooth surface 22 of the cylindrical drum 20 by a coating assembly 32, thereby providing a coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20. The coating assembly 32 is illustrated as comprising a coating pan 36 and a reverse gravure doctor blade 38. The thickness of the coating 30 on the coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 can be controlled and maintained within preselected limits by the reverse gravure doctor blade 38 of the coating assembly 32.

[0069] It will be understood that other methods of applying the coating 30 to the smooth surface 22 of the cylindrical drum 20 may be employed, such as spraying, brushing, etc.

[0070] The term “coating” as used herein is to be understood to mean a maleable film, ink or lacquer which is able to be embossed or engraved to receive a holographic image on at least a portion thereof. For example, the coating 30 may be a metallic material such as metallic polymeric film, metallic, iridescent pigment, foil, metallized lacquer and combinations thereof. The coating 30 may also be a nonmetallic material such as polymeric film, foil, lacquer and combinations thereof. The coating 30 may also consist of metallized film chopped into glitter and mixed with a lacquer to provide and ink or lacquer as the coating 30. When the coating 30 is a nonmetallic material, the process for producing the holographic material 10 in accordance with the present invention may include an additional step of metallizing the coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20, which will be described in detail below. The step of metallizing the non-metallic coated surface 30 will not be required when a non-metallic material employed as the coating 30 possesses the reflective properties necessary to highlight a holographic image. Examples of non-metallic coatings 30 possessing such characteristics include iridescent pigments and inks or lacquers containing metallized film glitter.

[0071] The term “lacquer” as used herein means a coating substance consisting of resinous materials, such as cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, shellac, gum, alkyd resins and the like, which are dissolved in a solvent that evaporates rapidly on application such as ethyl alcohol, thereby leaving a tough, adherent film. Lacquers which are useful in the present invention are mixtures, such as, but not limited to, lacquers produced by mixing styrene-acrylic emulsions, such as Lucidene 603 and Lucidene 395 (Morton International, Inc., 100 North Riverside Plaza, Chicago, Ill. 60606) with a non-ionic surfactant, such as Surfynol 465 (Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 7201 Hamilton Boulevard, Allentown, Pa. 18195-1501) and ammonia (G. S. Robbins and Company, 126 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63102). The lacquer produced as described above may also contain a wax emulsion in water, such as Liquitron 440 (Carrol Scientific, Inc., 5401 S. Dansher Road, Countryside, Ill. 60525).

[0072] The coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 is then embossed by an embossing element 40, such as an embossing drum 42. Embossing elements are used to produce materials to decorate or cover articles by depressing, carving, raising, or printing designs, patterns, etc. so that at least a portion of the design, pattern, etc. is raised above the surface of the material. Embossing elements and methods for embossing materials are well known in the art; thus, no further discussion of the embossing element 40 or embossing methods need be set forth.

[0073] Embossing of the coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 produces a holographic image 14 on the coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20. The holographic image 14 is provided with a first surface 44 and a second surface 46 which is substantially adjacent the smooth surface 22 of the cylindrical drum 20.

[0074] As shown in FIG. 3, if the coating 30 used to provide the coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 is formed of a non-metallic material which does not possess reflective properties necessary to provide the holographic image 14, a metallic constituent or component 48 is applied to the embossed coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 to provide the holographic image 14. The metallic constituent or component 48 can be applied to the embossed coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 by any suitable method, such as by discharging the metallic constituent or component 48 from a reservoir 50. Metallic constituents or components which may be employed to metallize the embossed coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 are known in the art and include powdered metals such as powdered aluminum.

[0075] Once the holographic image has been produced, a bonding material 54 may be applied to the holographic image 14, the substrate 12, or both. FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate applying the bonding material 54 to the first surface 44 of the holographic image 14 by a bonding material applicator 56. The bonding material applicator 56 comprises a pan 58 and a reverse gravure doctor blade 60 for removing excess bonding material 54 and controlling the thickness of the bonding material 54 so as to insure a substantially uniform coating of bonding material 54 on the first surface 44 of the holographic image 14 present on the cylindrical drum 20. The bonding material 54 applied to the first surface 44 of the holographic image 14 is contacted with the surface 16 of the substrate 12, thereby bondingly contacting the holographic image 14 to the substrate 12 and producing the holographic material 10.

[0076] The term “bonding material” when used herein may be an adhesive, such as a pressure sensitive adhesive, or a cohesive. Where the bonding material is a cohesive, a similar cohesive material must be placed on the adjacent surface for bondingly contacting and bondingly engaging with the cohesive material. The term “bonding material” may also be materials which are heat sealable and, in this instance, the adjacent portions of the materials must be brought into contact and then heat must be applied to effect the seal. The term “bonding material” when used herein also means a lacquer, which may be the coating 30 described above. In this instance, heat, sound waves, or vibrations may be applied to effect the sealing of the lacquer. In this way, the coating 30 may both receive the holographic image 14 and effect sealing of the holographic image 14 to the substrate 12, thereby producing the holographic material 10.

[0077] To bondingly secure the holographic image 14 to the substrate 12 and to transfer the holographic image 14 from the smooth surface 22 of the cylindrical drum 20 to the substrate 12, various methods may be employed. For example, heat and/or pressure may be applied to effect the seal between the holographic image 14 and the substrate 12. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a nip formed by opposing rollers of the cylindrical drum 20 and a sealing drum 62 may sandwich the holographic image 14 and the substrate 12 to effect a seal between the substrate 12 and the holographic image 14. In addition, the sealing drum 62 may be a heated roller to aid in effecting the seal between the holographic image 14 and the substrate 12.

[0078] The holographic material 10 is then removed from the smooth surface 22 of the cylindrical drum 20. Methods of removing the holographic material 10 from the cylindrical drum 20 are known in the art. The holographic material 10 produced by the continuous process 17 may be present in different forms such as a roll or sheets of holographic material 10.

[0079] Following production of the holographic material 10, the holographic material 10 may be modified by various methods, such as lamination of a transparent polymeric film thereto, as described in detail herein below.

[0080] It will be understood that other methods of bondingly securing and sealing the holographic image 14 and the substrate 12 which may be employed with the apparatus 17 for continuously producing the holographic material 10 as described herein may be employed in this process, and is not limited to the method described herein.

[0081] Shown in FIGS. 2A and 3A is another method of bondingly securing and sealing the holographic image 14 a and the substrate 12 a, wherein the method utilizes an apparatus 17′ for continuously producing the holographic material 10, wherein the apparatus 17′ is substantially similar to the apparatus 17 described hereinbefore with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, except that the bonding material 54 is applied to the surface 16 of the substrate 12 rather than the to the first surface 44 of the holographic image 14. The bonding material 54 is applied to the surface 16 of the substrate 12 by a bonding material applicator 56′ which is substantially similar to the bonding material applicator 56 described hereinbefore with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0082] While the bonding material 54 is depicted in FIGS. 2-3 and 2A-3A as being applied to either the holographic image 14 or the substrate 12, respectively, it will be understood that the bonding material 54 may be applied to both the holographic image 14 and the substrate 12. Shown in FIGS. 2B and 3B is an apparatus 17″ which is substantially similar to the apparatus 17 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and the apparatus 17′ shown in FIGS. 2A and 3A and described hereinbefore, except that the apparatus 17″ is provided with two bonding material applicators 56″ which apply bonding material 54 to both the first surface 44 of the holographic image 14 and to the surface 16 of the substrate 12. In this manner, a cohesive may be used as the bonding material 54, allowing for greater control in bondingly connecting the holographic image 14 to the substrate 12 to form the holographic material 10.

[0083] Shown in FIG. 4 is a sheet of holographic material 10 a which is similar to the sheet of holographic material 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 and described in detail hereinbefore, except that the holographic image 14 a of the sheet of holographic material 10 a is produced by engraving rather than embossing. The sheet of holographic material 10 a comprises a substrate 12 a having a surface 16 a and a holographic image 14 a formed thereon, the holographic image 14 a having a first surface 44 a and a second surface 46 a wherein the first surface 44 a of the holographic image 14 a is bondingly connected to the surface 16 a of the substrate 12 a. The sheet of holographic material 10 a is produced continuously utilizing an apparatus 17 a which is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 and which is substantially similar to the apparatus 17 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 and described in detail previously, except that an engraving element 41 a, such as a laser 43 a, is employed to produce the holographic image 14 a of the sheet of holographic material 10 a, rather than the embossing element 40 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0084] Briefly, a coating 30 a capable of receiving a holographic image is applied to a smooth surface 22 a of a cylindrical drum 20 a by a coating assembly 32 a, thereby providing a coated surface 34 a of the cylindrical drum 20 a. The coating assembly 32 a is illustrated as comprising a coating pan 36 a and a reverse gravure doctor blade 38 a. The coated surface 34 a of the cylindrical drum 20 a is then engraved by an engraving element 41 a, such as a laser 43 a. Engraving elements are used to cut or etch letters, patterns, designs, etc. in or on a surface of a material. Engraving elements and methods for engraving materials are well known in the art; thus, no further discussion of the engraving element 41 a or engraving methods need be set forth.

[0085] As shown in FIG. 5, engraving of the coated surface 34 a of the cylindrical drum 20 a produces a holographic image 14 a, which is provided with the first and second surfaces 44 a and 46 a, respectively, wherein the second surface 46 a is substantially adjacent the smooth surface 22 a of the cylindrical drum 20 a.

[0086] As shown in FIG. 6, if the coating 30 a is formed of a non-metallic material which does not possess reflective properties necessary to provide the holographic image 14 a, a metallic constituent or component 48 a is applied to the engraved coated surface 34 a of the cylindrical drum 20 a to provide the holographic image 14 a by any suitable method, such as by discharging the metallic constituent or component 48 a from a reservoir 50 a.

[0087] As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a bonding material 54 a is applied to the first surface 44 a of the holographic image 14 a by a bonding material applicator 56 a comprising a pan 58 a and a reverse gravure doctor blade 60 a. The bonding material 54 a applied to the first surface 44 a of the holographic image 14 a is contacted with the surface 16 a of the substrate 12 a, thereby bondingly connecting the holographic image 14 a to the substrate 12 a and producing the sheet of holographic material 10 a.

[0088] While the bonding material 54 a is depicted as being applied to the first surface 44 a of the holographic image 14 a, it will be understood that the bonding material 54 a may be applied to the surface 16 a of the substrate 12 a, or to both the first surface 44 a of the holographic image 14 a and to the surface 16 a of the substrate 12 a. Application of the bonding material 54 a to the substrate 12 a or to both the substrate 12 a and the holographic image 14 a will be in a substantially similar manner to that described herein previously for application of the bonding material 54 to the substrate 12 by the apparatus 17 described hereinbefore with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 or for application of the bonding material 54 to both the substrate 12 and the holographic image 14 by the apparatus 17′ described hereinbefore with reference to FIGS. 2A and 3A.

[0089] The holographic image 14 a is bondingly secured and transferred to the substrate 12 a by any suitable method known in the art. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 for example only, a nip is formed by opposing rollers of the cylindrical drum 20 a and a sealing drum 62 a which sandwiches and effects a seal between the holographic image 14 a and the substrate 12 a. The holographic material 10 a is then removed from the smooth surface 22 a of the cylindrical drum 20 a by any method known in the art, and the holographic material 10 a produced by such processes may be present in different forms, such as a roll or sheets of holographic material 10 a.

The Embodiments of FIGS. 7-16

[0090] Shown in FIG. 7 is a sheet of holographic material 10 b constructed in accordance with the present invention by a batch process which utilizes an apparatus 68 b. The sheet of holographic material 10 b is similar to the sheet of holographic material 10 described hereinbefore, and comprises a substrate 12 b having a surface 16 b and having a holographic image 14 b formed thereon, the holographic image 14 b having a first surface 44 b and a second surface 46 b. The first surface 44 b of the holographic image 14 b is bondingly connected to the surface 16 b of the substrate 12 b. The apparatus 68 b for producing the sheet of holographic material 10 b in a batch process is illustrated in FIGS. 8-11 and described in detail hereinafter.

[0091] The sheet of holographic material 10 b is produced using a printing element 70 b. The printing element 70 b may be provided with a smooth surface or a rough surface. When the printing element 70 b is provided with a smooth surface, the need to produce the holographic image on a substrate having a smooth surface, such as required by the prior art methods, is substantially eliminated. The printing element 70 b for producing the sheet of holographic material 10 b by the batch process utilizing the apparatus 68 b may be a plate, a platen press and the like. The printing element 70 b may be constructed of any suitable material capable of having the holographic image formed thereon for transfer to a desired substrate. Desirably, the printing element 70 b is constructed of a material capable of having a polished, substantially smooth surface; however, it will be understood that the printing element 70 b may be provided with a substantially rough surface which is capable of having the holographic image formed thereon. The printing element 70 b may be constructed of chrome, stainless steel, tool steel and the like. The printing element 70 b may also be constructed in part of a resilient or non-resilient material such that the printing element 70 b is provided with a resilient or non-resilient surface.

[0092] The printing element 70 b of the apparatus 68 b utilized in producing the sheet of holographic material 10 b in a batch process illustrated in FIG. 8 is a flat plate 72 b having a smooth surface 74 b. A coating 30 b, which is substantially similar to the coating 30 as described hereinbefore, is applied to the smooth surface 74 b of the flat plate 72 b by a coating assembly 76 b, thereby providing a coated surface 78 b of the flat plate 72 b. The coating assembly 76 b is illustrated as a coating brush 80 b. However, it should be understood that other methods of applying the coating 30 b to the smooth surface 74 b of the flat plate 72 b may be employed, such as spraying, dipping, and the like.

[0093] The coated surface 78 b of the flat plate 72 b is then embossed by an embossing element 82 b, such as an embossing plate 84 b shown in FIG. 9. Embossing of the coated surface 78 b of the flat plate 72 b provides a holographic image 14 b on the coated surface 78 b of the flat plate 72 b. The holographic image 14 b is provided with a first surface 44 b and a second surface 46 b which is substantially adjacent the smooth surface 74 b of the flat plate 72 b.

[0094] If the coating 30 b used to provide the coated surface 78 b of the flat plate 72 b is formed of a non-metallic material which does not possess reflective properties necessary to provide the holographic image 14 b, a metallic constituent or component (not shown) is applied to the embossed coated surface 78 b of the flat plate 72 b to provide the holographic image 14 b. This process is substantially similar to the metallizing of the embossed coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 by a metallizing constituent or component 50 to provide the holographic image 10 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5 and described in detail above.

[0095] Once the holographic image 14 b has been produced, a bonding material 54 b, which is substantially similar to the bonding material 54 as described hereinbefore, may be applied to the holographic image 14 b, to the substrate 12 b, or both. FIG. 10 illustrates applying the bonding material 54 b to the holographic image 14 b by a bonding material applicator 86 b. It will be understood that other methods of applying the bonding material 54 b to the holographic image 14 b on the flat plate 72 b may be employed, such as spraying, brushing, etc.

[0096] The bonding material 54 b applied to the holographic image 14 b is contacted with the substrate 12 b as illustrated in FIG. 11, thereby bondingly connecting the holographic image 14 b to the substrate 12 b and producing the sheet of holographic material 10 b.

[0097] To bondingly connect the holographic image 14 b to the substrate 12 b and to transfer the holographic image 14 b from the smooth surface 74 b of the flat plate 72 b to the substrate 12 b, various methods may be employed. For example, heat and/or pressure may be applied to effect the seal between the substrate 12 b and the holographic image 14 b. As shown in FIG. 11, the holographic image 14 b and the substrate 12 b may be sandwiched between the flat plate 72 b and a sealing plate 88 b to effect a seal between the substrate 12 b and the holographic image 14 b. In addition, the sealing plate 88 b may be heated to aid in effecting the seal between the holographic image 14 b and the substrate 12 b.

[0098] It will be understood that other methods of bondingly connecting and sealing the holographic image 14 b and the substrate 12 b in the batch process 68 b for producing the sheet of holographic material 10 b as described herein may be employed.

[0099]FIGS. 10A and 11A depict another method for bondingly connecting and sealing the holographic image 14 b to the substrate 12 b which utilizes a batch process 68 b′ for producing the sheet of holographic material 10 b. The batch process 68 b′ is substantially similar to the batch process 68 b shown in FIGS. 8-11 and described herein previously, except that the bonding material 54 b is applied to the surface 16 b of the substrate 12 b rather than to the holographic image 14 b. The batch process 68 b′ utilizes a bonding material applicator 86 b′ for applying the bonding material 54 b to the surface 16 b of the substrate 12 b, wherein the bonding material applicator 86 b′ is substantially similar to the bonding material applicator 86 b described hereinbefore with reference to FIG. 10.

[0100] Shown in FIGS. 10B and 11B is yet another method for bondingly connecting and sealing the holographic image 14 b to the substrate 12 b which utilizes a batch process 68 b″ for producing the sheet of holographic material

[0101] The batch process 68 b″ is substantially similar to the batch processes 68 b and 68 b′ described hereinbefore with respect to FIGS. 8-11 and 10A-11A, respectively, except that the bonding material 54 b is applied to both the surface 16 b of the substrate 12 b and the first surface 44 b of the holographic image 14 b. In this manner, a cohesive may be used for the bonding material 54 b, allowing for greater control in bondingly connecting the holographic image 14 b to the substrate 12 b to form the holographic material 10 b.

[0102] The batch process 68 b″ may be provided with two bonding material applicators 86 b″, as shown in FIG. 10B, whereby the bonding material 54 b is applied to the substrate 12 b and the holographic image 14 b simultaneously. Alternatively, the batch process 68 b″ may include only one bonding material applicator 86 b″ which applies bonding material 54 b consecutively to the substrate 12 b and the holographic image 14 b.

[0103] Referring now to FIG. 12, the sheet of holographic material 10 b is then removed from the smooth surface 74 b of the flat plate 72 b. Methods of removing the sheet of holographic material 10 b from the flat plate 72 b are known in the art. The sheet of holographic material 10 b produced by the batch process which utilizes the apparatus 68 b may be present in different forms such as a roll or sheets of sheet of holographic material 10 b.

[0104] Shown in FIG. 12 is a sheet of holographic material 10 c which is similar to the sheet of holographic material 10 b illustrated in FIG. 7 and described in detail before, except that the holographic image 14 c of the sheet of holographic material 10 c is produced by engraving rather than embossing. The sheet of holographic material 10 c comprises a substrate 12 c and a holographic image 14 c formed thereon. The sheet of holographic material 10 c is produced by a batch process utilizing an apparatus 68 c shown in FIGS. 13-16 which is similar to the batch process utilizing the apparatus 68 b illustrated in FIGS. 8-11 and described in detail hereinbefore, except that the coated surface 78 c of the flat plate 72 c is engraved by an engraving element 83 c, such as a laser 85 c, to produce the holographic image 14 c of the sheet of holographic material 10 c substantially as shown in FIG. 14, rather than embossed by the embossing element 82 b as illustrated in FIG. 9.

[0105] The sheet of holographic material 10 c is produced using a printing element 70 c which is similar to the printing element 70 b shown in FIG. 8 and described in detail hereinabove. The printing element 70 c of the apparatus 68 c utilized in producing the sheet of holographic material 10 c in a batch process illustrated in FIG. 13 is a flat plate 72 c having a smooth surface 74 c. A coating 30 c, which is substantially similar to the coating 30 as described hereinbefore, is applied to the smooth surface 74 c of the flat plate 72 c by a coating assembly 76 c, thereby providing a coated surface 78 c of the flat plate 72 c. The coating assembly 76 c is illustrated as a coating brush 80 c. However, it should be understood that other methods of applying the coating 30 c to the smooth surface 74 c of the flat plate 72 c may be employed, such as spraying, dipping, and the like.

[0106] The coated surface 78 c of the flat plate 72 c is then engraved by an engraving element 83 c, such as a laser 85 c shown in FIG. 14. Engraving of the coated surface 78 c of the flat plate 72 c provides a holographic image 14 c on the coated surface 78 c of the flat plate 72 c. The holographic image 14 c is provided with a first surface 44 c and a second surface 46 c which is substantially adjacent the smooth surface 74 c of the flat plate 72 c.

[0107] If the coating 30 c used to provide the coated surface 78 c of the flat plate 72 c is formed of a non-metallic material which does not possess reflective properties necessary to provide the holographic image 14 c, a metallic constituent or component (not shown) is applied to the engraved coated surface 78 c of the flat plate 72 c to provide the holographic image 14 c. This process is substantially similar to the metallizing of the embossed coated surface 34 of the cylindrical drum 20 by a metallizing constituent or component 50 to provide the holographic image 10 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5 and described in detail above.

[0108] Once the holographic image 14 c has been produced, a bonding material 54 c, which is substantially similar to the bonding material 54 as described hereinbefore, is applied to the holographic image 14 c by a bonding material applicator 86 c, as shown in FIG. 15. It will be understood that other methods of applying the bonding material 54 c to the holographic image 14 c on the flat plate 72 c may be employed, such as spraying, brushing, etc. The bonding material 54 c applied to the holographic image 14 c is contacted with the substrate 12 c as illustrated in FIG. 16, thereby bondingly connecting the holographic image 14 c to the substrate 12 c and producing the sheet of holographic material 10 c.

[0109] While the bonding material 54 c is depicted as being applied to the holographic image 14 c, it will be understood that the bonding material 54 c may be applied to the substrate 12 c or to both the substrate 12 c and the holographic image 14 c. Application of the bonding material 54 c to the substrate 12 c or to both the holographic image 14 c and the substrate 12 c will be in a substantially similar manner to that described herein previously for application of the bonding material 54 b to the substrate 12 b in the batch process 68 b′ described hereinbefore with reference to FIGS. 10A and 11A, or for application of the bonding material 54 b to the substrate 12 b and the holographic image 14 b in the batch process 68 b″, as described hereinbefore with reference to FIGS. 10B and 11B.

[0110] To bondingly connect the holographic image 14 c to the substrate 12 c and to transfer the holographic image 14 c from the smooth surface 74 c of the flat plate 72 c to the substrate 12 c, various methods may be employed. For example, heat and/or pressure may be applied to effect the seal between the substrate 12 c and the holographic image 14 c. As shown in FIG. 16, the holographic image 14 c and the substrate 12 c may be sandwiched between the flat plate 72 c and a sealing plate 88 c to effect a seal between the substrate 12 c and the holographic image 14 c. In addition, the sealing plate 88 c may be heated to aid in effecting the seal between the holographic image 14 c and the substrate 12 c.

[0111] It will be understood that other methods of bondingly connecting and sealing the holographic image 14 c and the substrate 12 c in the batch process which utilizes the apparatus 68 c for producing the sheet of holographic material 10 c as described herein may be employed.

[0112] The sheet of holographic material 10 c is then removed from the smooth surface 74 c of the flat plate 72 c. Methods of removing the sheet of holographic material 10 c from the flat plate 72 c are known in the art. The sheet of holographic material 10 c produced by the batch process which utilizes the apparatus 68 c may be present in different forms such as a roll or sheets of sheet of holographic material 10 c.

The Embodiments of FIGS. 17-18

[0113] Shown in FIGS. 17-18 is a modified holographic material 10 d provided as a roll 90 of holographic material 10 d. As described in detail herein previously, any of the holographic materials 10 or 10 a produced by a continuous process which utilizes the apparatus 17 or 17 a or the holographic materials 10 b or 10 c produced by a batch process which utilizes the apparatus 68 b or 68 c may be provided as a roll of holographic material. The holographic material 10 d may be withdrawn from the roll 90 and severed or disconnected to provide a sheet of holographic material similar to the sheets of holographic material 10, 10 a, 10 b and 10 c hereinbefore described with reference to FIGS. 1, 4, 7 and 12, respectively, or to provide decorative elements such as decorative grass or glitter, as described in detail hereinafter.

[0114] The roll 90 of holographic material 10 d may be supported on a journally mounted shaft 92, substantially as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18. The holographic material 10 d is withdrawn from the roll 90 via a leading edge 94 until a predetermined length of the holographic material 10 d has been withdrawn from the roll 90 of holographic material 10 d. In this position, a portion of the holographic material 10 d is disposed under a knife assembly 96 having a plurality of knife edges 97. The knife assembly 96 is connected to an actuator 98 adapted to move the knife assembly 96 in a first direction 100 and in a second direction 102. When the predetermined length of holographic material 10 d has been withdrawn from the roll 90 of holographic material 10 d, the actuator 98 moves the knife assembly 96 in the first direction 100 to a position wherein the knife assembly 96 severingly engages the holographic material 10 d to shreddingly cut a plurality of elongated strips 101 of the holographic material 10 d from the roll 90 of holographic material 10 d.

[0115] In another optional mode, the actuator 98 may then turn the knife assembly 96 to the second direction. 102 wherein the knife assembly 96 severingly re-engages the plurality of elongated strips 101 of holographic material 10 d, thereby causing the elongated strips 101 of the holographic material 10 d to be severed into segments of decorative grass 103 (FIG. 17) or into small pieces 104 (FIG. 18), for use as glitter, confetti, tinsel, decorative flakes, decals, labels, stickers, sequins, icicles for Christmas trees, imitation snow and the like (it will be appreciated that this process is represented schematically in the drawings). The actuator 98 may comprise a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder or a motor and gear arrangement or any other form of arrangement suitable for moving the knife assembly 96 in the directions 100 and 102. After the knife assembly 96 has cuttingly severed the desired portion of holographic material 10 d from the roll 90 of the holographic material 10 d, the actuator 98 moves the knife assembly 96 in a direction 106 to a storage position disposed a distance above the holographic material 10 d. Alternatively, the leading edge 94 of the holographic material 10 d may be run across a first knife assembly 96 set in the surface (not shown) to form the elongated strips 101 of holographic material 10 d, wherein the actuator 98 actuates a second knife edge (not shown) to cross-cut the elongated strips 101 of holographic material 10 d into segments of decorative grass 103 or small pieces 104 for use as glitter, confetti, tinsel and the like. Apparatus and methods for making decorative shredded materials and the like are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,646,388, entitled “APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING WEIGHED CHARGES OF LOOSELY AGGREGATED FILAMENTARY MATERIAL”, issued to Weder et al on Mar. 3, 1987, which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein. However, it will be understood that while the primary uses of the segments of grass 103 and the small pieces 104 of holographic material 10 d are for decorative purposes, the segments of grass 103 and small pieces 104 of holographic material 10 d may also be used for purposes other than decorative purposes, such as but not by way of limitation, uses for scattering light for camouflage or scattering radar beams, as well as for producing sunscreens, pigments, paints, inks and adhesives.

[0116] It will be appreciated that the holographic material 10 d may be a laminate formed by laminating a sheet of material such as a transparent polymeric film to either surface of a holographic material, such as one of the holographic materials 10-10 c produced as described in detail herein before. The transparent polymeric film of the holographic material 10 d increases the thickness of the holographic material 10 d while still maintaining visual display of the holographic image 14 d, and thus the grass 103 or small pieces 104 of the holographic material 10 d produced upon cutting the holographic material 10 d will have a larger volume at substantially less cost than the grass 103 or small pieces 104 produced from the holographic material 10 d which is not a laminate containing the transparent polymeric film. In addition, barrier properties, heat resistant properties and other desirable properties can be provided to the holographic material 10 d by lamination of different types of sheets of material to the holographic material to provide the holographic material 10 d.

Embodiments of FIGS. 19-21

[0117] As noted previously, the sheet of holographic material 10 may be used to wrap a floral grouping 110. “Floral grouping” as used herein will be understood to include cut fresh flowers, artificial flowers, a single flower, other fresh and/or artificial plants or other floral materials and may include other secondary plants and/or ornamentation or artificial or natural materials which add to the aesthetics of the overall floral arrangement. The floral grouping 110 comprises a bloom or foliage portion 112 and a stem portion 114. The term “floral grouping” may be used interchangeably herein with the term “floral arrangement”.

[0118] In a method of use, a modified sheet of holographic material 10 e is provided, which is similar to the sheet of holographic material 10 shown in FIG. 1 and described in detail previously, except as described below. The sheet of holographic material 10 e has an upper surface 116, a lower surface 118, a first side 120, a second side 122, and third side 124 and a fourth side 126. A strip of bonding material 128 is disposed on the upper surface 116 and near the first side 120 of the sheet of holographic material 10 e, the strip of bonding material 128 extending between the third and fourth sides 124 and 126, respectively, of the sheet of holographic material 10 e.

[0119] The floral grouping 110 having the bloom portion 112 and the stem portion 114 (FIG. 19) is disposed on the upper surface 116 of the sheet of holographic material 10 e. The sheet of holographic material 10 e is then wrapped about the floral grouping 110 by taking the second side 122 of the sheet of holographic material 10 e and rolling the sheet of holographic material 10 e in a direction 130 about the floral grouping 110 (FIG. 20). The sheet of holographic material 10 e is continued to be rolled about the floral grouping 110 until a portion of the bonding material 128 is disposed adjacent a portion of the lower surface 118 of the sheet of holographic material 10 e and brought into bonding contact or engagement therewith (FIG. 21), thereby bondingly connecting the bonding material 128 on the upper surface 116 of the sheet of holographic material 10 e to a portion of the lower surface 118 of the sheet of holographic material 10 e for cooperating to secure the sheet of holographic material 10 e in a wrapped condition about the floral grouping 110 to provide a wrapper 132 wrapped about the floral grouping 110, as shown in FIG. 21.

[0120] In the wrapped condition with the sheet of holographic material 10 e wrapped about the floral grouping 110 as shown in FIG. 21, the wrapper 132 forms a conical shape with an open upper end 134 and an open lower end 136. The wrapper 132 covers a portion of the bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110. A portion of the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110 extends through the open lower end 136 of the wrapper 132. The wrapper 132 is tightly wrapped about the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110. The bonding material 128 on the sheet of holographic material 10 e may contact and engage some of the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110 to cooperate in securing the wrapper 132 so that the wrapper 132 is tightly wrapped about the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110 and to prevent the floral grouping 110 from slipping or moving within the wrapper 132.

[0121] At least a portion of the floral grouping 110 is disposed within the wrapper 132. In some applications, the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110 extends through the open lower end 136 of the wrapper 132, as described before. In other applications, the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110 does not extend through the open lower end 136 of the wrapper 132. In some applications, the wrapper 132 is tightly wrapped about the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110. The bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is disposed adjacent or above the open Upper end 134 of the wrapper 132 and the bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is visible via the open upper end 134 of the wrapper 132. In some instances, the bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110 may extend beyond the open upper end 134 of the wrapper 132. In some applications, the upper end 134 of the wrapper 132 may be closed is desired. In some applications, the lower end 136 of the wrapper 132 may be closed if desired.

[0122] The wrapper 132, as shown in FIG. 21, is generally conically shaped. The sheet of sheet of holographic material 10 e may also be wrapped about the floral grouping 110 to form a cylindrically shaped wrapper 132 a having an open upper end 134 a and an open lower end 136 a substantially as shown in FIG. 22, or any other shape wrapper if desired in a particular application.

[0123] U.S. Pat. No. 5,181,364, entitled “WRAPPING A FLORAL GROUPING WITH SHEETS HAVING AN ADHESIVE OR COHESIVE MATERIAL APPLIED THERETO”, issued to Weder et al on Jan. 26, 1993, which has been incorporated by reference herein above, discloses methods of wrapping a floral grouping in a cylindrically-shaped wrapper.

Embodiments of FIGS. 23-28

[0124] As noted above, a sheet of holographic material 10 f may be used to provide a decorative cover 140 for an object such as a flower pot 142 or a potted plant 144. The term “flower pot” refers to any type of container used for holding a floral grouping or a plant. Examples of flower pots used in accordance with the present invention are clay pots, plastic pots, wooden pots, pots made from natural and/or synthetic fibers, and the like.

[0125] The flower pot 142 has an open upper end 146, a closed lower end 148, and an outer peripheral surface 150. An opening 152 intersects the open upper end 146 forming an inner peripheral surface 154 and a retaining space 156. A plant 158 and growing medium 160 (shown in FIG. 28) may be disposed in the flower pot 142, thereby forming the potted plant 144.

[0126] To form the sheet of holographic material 10 f into the decorative cover 140 about the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142, both the flower pot 142 and the sheet of holographic material 10 f are provided. The sheet of holographic material 10 f is desirably formed of a flexible yet shape-sustaining material. The flower pot 142 is disposed upon the upper surface 116 f of the sheet of holographic material 10 f so that the closed lower end 148 of the flower pot 142 is disposed substantially adjacent a portion of the upper surface 116 f of the sheet of holographic material 10 f. To cover the object, the sheet of holographic material 10 f may be manually or automatically formed about the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 or potted plant 144.

[0127] In one embodiment of a manual application of wrapping the sheet of holographic material 10 f about the flower pot 142 to provide the decorative cover 140 for the flower pot 142, the sheet of holographic material 10 f is wrapped about the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 so that the upper surface 116 f of the sheet of holographic material 10 f is disposed substantially adjacent the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 (FIGS. 24 and 25) to form the decorative cover 140 about the flower pot 142 wherein the holographic image 14 f of the sheet of holographic material 10 f is visible and thereby provides the desired holographic effect to the decorative cover 140 (FIG. 25). That is, the lower surface 118 f of the sheet of holographic material 10 f becomes an outer surface 164 of the decorative cover 140 and at least a portion of the holographic design 14 f constitutes at least a portion of the decor of the decorative cover 140. Methods of manually wrapping a material about a flower pot are known to those having ordinary skill in the art.

[0128] The decorative cover 140 comprises a base portion 172 and a skirt portion 174. The base portion 172 of the decorative cover 140 is dimensioned to encompass at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 such that the open upper end 146 of the flower pot 142 remains substantially uncovered by the decorative cover 140, and the skirt portion 174 of the decorative cover 140 extends outwardly from the base portion 172 of the decorative cover 140.

[0129] Another method for forming the decorative cover 140 about a flower pot 142 using the sheet of sheet of holographic material 10 f is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,733,521, entitled “COVER FORMING APPARATUS”, issued to Weder et al on Mar. 29, 1988, which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference.

[0130] The decorative cover 140 formed by wrapping the sheet of holographic material 10 f about the flower pot 142 may be secured to the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 by the use of one or more bonding materials described herein. A bonding material 161, such as a pressure sensitive adhesive, may be disposed on the upper surface 116 f of the sheet of holographic material 10 f to secure the decorative cover 140 about the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142. In such instance, a portion of the overlapping folds 163 formed in the decorative cover 140 may be connected via the bonding material 161 and a portion of the overlapping folds 163 may remain unconnected.

[0131] Alternatively, the sheet of holographic material 10 f may be constructed of a shape-sustaining material such that no bonding material is required to form the decorative cover 140. Upon wrapping the shape-sustaining sheet of holographic material 10 f about the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 to form the decorative cover 140, the plurality of overlapping folds 163 formed therein are dead folds. The term “dead folds” as used herein is understood to mean the formation of pleats wherein the pleats are unsecured (i.e., not bondingly connected) but maintain their pleated configuration, such as when one folds metal foil.

[0132] Another method of securing the decorative cover 140 to the flower pot 142 is by applying a band (not shown) about the decorative cover 140 and the flower pot 142 to hold the decorative cover 140 in place about the flower pot 142 such as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,599, entitled “MEANS FOR SECURING A DECORATIVE COVER ABOUT A FLOWER POT”, issued to Weder on Apr. 21, 1992 and which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference.

[0133] The term “band” when used herein refers to any material which may be secured about an object such as a flower pot, such bands commonly being referred to as elastic bands, rubber bands or non-elastic bands and also includes any other type of material such as an elastic or non-elastic string, elastic or non-elastic piece of material, a round piece of material, a flat piece of material, a ribbon, a piece of paper strip, a piece of plastic strip, a piece of wire, a tie wrap or a twist tie or combinations thereof or any other device capable of gathering the holographic material to removably or substantially permanently form a crimped portion and secure the crimped portion formed in the holographic material which may be secured about an object such as the flower pot. The band may also include a bow if desired in a particular application.

[0134] Once the decorative cover 140 is constructed by wrapping the sheet of holographic material 10 f about a flower pot 142 and the decorative cover 140 is secured to the flower pot 142, growing medium 160 and a plant 158 may be disposed in the flower pot 142 to which the decorative cover 140 is secured, thereby resulting in a decoratively cover potted plant 170 as shown in FIG. 28.

[0135] Alternatively, the sheet of holographic material 10 f may be formed into a preformed decorative cover 162 (FIG. 26) which is then placed about the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 or potted plant 144. The preformed decorative cover 162 has an opening 166 and comprises a base portion 176 and a skirt portion 178. The base portion 176 of the preformed decorative cover 162 is dimensioned to encompass at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 when the flower pot 142 is disposed in the preformed decorative cover 162. The skirt portion 178 of the preformed decorative cover 162 extends outwardly from the base portion 176 of the preformed decorative cover 140. The preformed decorative cover 162 is self-supporting by virtue of overlapping folds 168 wherein at least a portion of the overlapping folds 168 are bonded together, thereby providing structural integrity to the preformed decorative cover 162. The holographic design 14 f of the sheet of holographic material 10 f provides at least a portion of the decor of the preformed decorative cover 162.

[0136] The preformed decorative cover 162 may be formed using a conventional mold system 165 comprising a male mold 167 and a female mold 169 having a mold cavity 171 for matingly receiving the male mold 167 (FIG. 27). The sheet of holographic material 10 f is positioned between the male and female molds 165 and 167, respectively. Movement of the male mold 167 in the direction 173 and into the mold cavity 171 of the female mold 169 forces the sheet of holographic material 10 f to be disposed about the portion of the male mold 167 disposed in the mold cavity 171 of the female mold 169 and thereby forms the sheet of holographic material 10 f into the preformed decorative cover 162 (FIGS. 26 and 27). The preformed decorative cover 162, which may be constructed from the materials described herein above, may have a bonding material disposed upon a portion thereof.

[0137] Methods for forming such preformed decorative pot covers are well known in the art. One method for forming such a preformed plant cover or pot cover is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,773,182 entitled “ARTICLE FORMING SYSTEM”, issued to Weder et al on Sep. 27, 1988, which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. Another method for forming such covers is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,721 entitled “COVER FORMING APPARATUS HAVING PIVOTING FORMING MEMBERS”, issued to Weder et al on Mar. 8, 1994, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

[0138] A potted plant 144 can be disposed in the opening 166 of the preformed decorative cover 162 such that the open upper end 146 of the flower pot 142 remains substantially uncovered by the preformed decorative cover 162, thereby also resulting in a decoratively covered potted plant 170 as shown in FIG. 28.

[0139] The term “potted plant” as used herein refers to a plant having a bloom or foliage portion, a stem portion and a root portion, the root portion being disposed in a growing medium. The term “potted plant” as used herein also includes botanical items and propagules.

[0140] The term “botanical item” when used herein refers to a natural or artificial herbaceous or woody plant, taken singly or in combination. The term “botanical item” also refers to any portion or portions of natural or artificial herbaceous or woody plants including stems, leaves, flowers, blossoms, buds, blooms, cones or roots, taken singly or in combination, or in groupings of such portions such as a bouquet or a floral grouping.

[0141] The term “propagule” when used herein refers to any structure capable of being propagated or acting as an agent of reproduction including seeds, shoots, stems, runners, tubers, plants, leaves, roots or spores.

[0142] The term “growing medium” when used herein refers to any liquid, solid or gaseous material used for plant growth or for the cultivation of propagules, including organic and inorganic materials such as soil, humus, perlite, vermiculite, sand, water, and including the nutrients, fertilizers or hormones or combinations thereof required by the plants or propagules for growth.

Embodiments of FIGS. 29-35

[0143] Shown in FIGS. 29-32 and designated therein by the general reference numeral 180 is a wrapper for a floral grouping 110 constructed from a holographic material 10 g which is substantially similar to the holographic material 10 shown in FIG. 1 and described in detail herein previously. The wrapper 180 comprises a sleeve 182, which is generally tubular in shape, and the floral grouping 110. The sleeve 182, as illustrated in FIG. 29, has a first end 184, a second end 186, an outer peripheral surface 188 and an opening 190 intersecting both the first end 184 and the second end 186, forming an inner peripheral surface 192 and providing a retaining space 194 therein. The holographic design 14 g of the holographic material 10 g is visible on the outer peripheral surface 188 of the sleeve 182. It should be noted that the second end 186 of the sleeve 182 may be closed, forming a closed second end, in which case the opening 190 only intersects the first end 184 of the sleeve 182. Sleeves and their construction are well known in the art, and sleeves are commercially available, as are various devices and mechanisms capable of forming sleeves.

[0144] The sleeve 182 is adapted to receive a floral grouping 110 within the retaining space 194 thereof. The floral grouping 110 (FIG. 30) may be disposed in the opening 190 in the sleeve 182 and contained substantially in the retaining space 194 of the sleeve 182, thereby forming the wrapper 180, as will be described in detail below.

[0145] A bonding material 196 may be disposed on at least a portion of the inner peripheral surface 192 of the sleeve 182 (FIG. 31), or alternatively, the bonding material 196 may be disposed on the outer peripheral surface 188 of the sleeve 182 as illustrated in FIG. 32, or in a further alternative, the bonding material 196 may be disposed on both the inner peripheral surface 192 and the outer peripheral surface 188 of the sleeve 182 (not shown).

[0146] The bonding material 196 may further comprise a color, or a combination of colors, as previously described herein. Further, the bonding material 196 may comprise at least a portion of a design on the sleeve 182. The term “design” as used herein is defined as any geometric form, or any combination of geometric forms, for example, squares, round spots, triangles, rectangles, octagonals, or the like (not shown). The term “design” is further defined as any non-geometric, asymmetrical or fanciful forms, or any combination thereof, for example, but not by way of limitation, hearts, balloons, flowers, lace, slogans, logos, print (any combination of letters, numbers and/or symbols), signs, human forms (real and fictional), animal forms (real and fictional), cartoon characters, and/or plant forms.

[0147] Such a design may comprise a color or a portion of a color or any combination of colors. Alternatively, at least a portion of the design may be colorless, translucent, transparent, opaque, pearlescent, iridescent, or the like.

[0148] However, it will be understood that the sleeve 182 may not be provided with a bonding material disposed thereon, and other methods and devices, such as a band, may be employed to secure the sleeve 182 about the floral grouping 110 to form the wrapper 180. Such bands and methods of use thereof have been described in detail hereinbefore.

[0149] The sleeve 182 is generally tubularly shaped, but the sleeve 182 may be, by way of example only, cylindrical, conical, frusto-conical, or a combination of both frusto-conical and cylindrical (not shown). Further, as long as the sleeve 182 is capable of receiving a floral grouping 110, any shape of sleeve 182, whether geometric, non-geometric, asymmetrical and/or fanciful, may be utilized.

[0150] In a general method of use, illustrated in FIGS. 30-32, at least a portion of the floral grouping 110 is disposed within the sleeve 182. In some applications, the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110 extends into the sleeve 182 via the open first end 184 of the sleeve 182, extending through and beyond the open second end 186 of the sleeve 182. The bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is therefore disposed adjacent the open first end 184 of the sleeve 182 and the bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is visible via the open first end 184 of the sleeve 182 (FIGS. 30-32). In some instances, the bloom portion 114 of the floral grouping 110 may extend above the open first end 184 of the sleeve 182. In some applications, the first end 184 of the sleeve 182 may be closed if desired (not shown). In some circumstances, the second end 186 of the sleeve 182 may be closed if desired (not shown).

[0151] In one method of use (FIGS. 30-32), an operator provides the sleeve 182 (FIG. 29), and the floral grouping 110 (FIG. 30). The operator then disposes the floral grouping 110 into the sleeve 182 by opening the sleeve 182 at the first end 184 and disposing the floral grouping 110 into the opening 190 in the sleeve 182 and the retaining space 194 of the sleeve 182 by inserting first the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110 into the retaining space 194 of the sleeve 182 via the opening 190 intersecting the first end 184 of the sleeve 182, in a manner which permits a portion of the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110 to be disposed in the retaining space 194 adjacent the second end 186 of the sleeve 182, the second end 186 generally having the narrowest diameter. By inserting the floral grouping 110 into the sleeve 182 in this manner, the bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is also disposed in the retaining space 194 of the sleeve 182 and the bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is disposed substantially adjacent the first end 184 of the sleeve 182, the first end 184 generally having the widest diameter. In this method, at least a portion of the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110 extends slightly beyond the second end 186 of the sleeve 182, and the bloom portion 112 of the floral grouping 110 is clearly visible at the open first end 184 of the sleeve 182.

[0152] The sleeve 182 may then be crimped about the floral grouping 110 as shown in FIGS. 31-32. The crimping operation is conducted by an operator after the floral grouping 110 is disposed in the sleeve 182 by crimping at least a portion of the sleeve 182 in the area of the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110, wherein the bonding material 196 retains the sleeve 182 in the crimped condition. Such crimping may be conducted by hand, by grasping and substantially encompassing with one or more hands the second end 186 of the sleeve 182 in the area of the bonding material 196 and evenly and firmly squeezing that portion of the sleeve 182 about the area having the bonding material 196, thereby pressing and gathering both the sleeve 182 and the bonding material 196 against itself and about the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110. The sleeve 182 may also be crimped by using both a crimping motion (as described above) and a turning motion to create a twisted crimping, resulting in a sleeve 182 which is both crimped as previously described, and which is twisted about at least a portion of the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110, the sleeve 182 adjacent the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110 being rotated about the stem portion 114 of the floral grouping 110, for example but not by way of limitation, between about one-eighth of a turn to about a full turn (not shown).

[0153] When the sleeve 182 is crimped, a plurality of overlapping folds 198 are formed in the crimped area. The plurality of overlapping folds 198 (only one overlapping fold designated by the reference numeral 198 in FIGS. 31 and 32) resulting from the gathered, crimped material of the sleeve 182 may be connected, that is, all of the overlapping portions of the sleeve 182 are bondingly connected together via the bonding material 196. A plurality of overlapping folds 198 may be formed by hand, during crimping, or by mechanical methods and devices. Such mechanical methods and devices are disclosed generally in “ARTICLE FORMING SYSTEM”, which has previously been incorporated by reference herein. Alternatively, the crimping may be conducted in a manner in which not all of the plurality of overlapping folds 198 are bondingly connected together. It will be appreciated that the plurality of overlapping folds 198 (connected or unconnected) are formed primarily in the crimped area. Such crimping as described above may also be conducted by any device or mechanism known in the art and used for gathering or crimping materials.

[0154] Alternatively, the sleeve 182 may remain uncrimped. The bonding material 196 disposed upon the sleeve 182 may cause the sleeve 182 to bondingly connect to portions of itself, causing the sleeve 182 to conform, either generally or closely (depending, as will be appreciated, upon the amount of bonding material 196 and the amount of holographic material 10 g of the sleeve 182 which overlaps and connects to itself) to the floral grouping 110.

[0155] When the floral grouping 110 is disposed in the sleeve 182 by any method described herein, or known in the art, the sleeve 182 substantially surrounds and encompasses a substantial portion of the floral grouping 110. When the sleeve 182 is disposed about the floral grouping 110, the sleeve 182 forms a wrapper 180 which provides a decorative packaging for the floral grouping 110 contained therein.

[0156] It will be appreciated that the sleeve 182 has sufficient flexibility but also sufficient rigidity to both remain in and sustain its general shape, thereby substantially surrounding and encompassing the floral grouping 110.

[0157] Illustrated in FIGS. 33-35 is a decorative cover 140 a for a flower pot 142 which is constructed from a sheet of holographic material 10 g. The decorative cover 140 a is substantially similar in construction to the decorative cover 140 previously described herein with the exceptions hereinafter described. The decorative cover 140 a comprises a sleeve 182 a, which is substantially similar to the sleeve 182 illustrated in FIG. 29, and may extend over the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142. The sleeve 182 a includes an upper portion 200 and a lower portion 202. The lower portion 202 of the sleeve 182 a is sized to closely surround and encompass a flower pot 142 disposed within the sleeve 182 a, while the upper portion 200 of the sleeve 182 a extends upwardly from the flower pot 142 disposed in the sleeve 182 a. The upper portion 200 of the sleeve 182 a is detachable from the lower portion 202 of the sleeve 182 a via vertical perforations 204 and/or circumferential perforations 206 which extend about the sleeve 182 a adjacent to or above the open upper end 146 of the flower pot 142, as illustrated in FIGS. 33-35, thereby forming a decorative flower pot cover 208 having a holographic image 14 g thereon. The holographic design 14 g of the holographic material 10 g is visible on at least a portion of the lower portion 202 of the sleeve 182 a, and the holographic design 14 g of the holographic material 10 g may be visible on at least a portion of both the upper and lower portions 200 and 202, respectively, of the sleeve 182 a.

[0158] In one method of use, the flower pot 142 having growing medium 160 and a floral grouping 110 or a plant 158 disposed therein is disposed in the sleeve 182 a such that the lower portion 202 of the sleeve 182 a is positioned substantially adjacent the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142 and the upper portion 200 of the sleeve 182 a extends upwardly from the flower pot 142. In this manner, the upper portion 200 of the sleeve 182 a substantially surrounds and encompasses at least a portion of the floral grouping 110 or plant 158 disposed in the flower pot 142.

[0159] The sleeve 182 a may have a bonding material (not shown) disposed thereupon such that the second end 186 a of the sleeve 182 a can be connected to the flower pot 142. Alternatively, a bonding material may be disposed upon the outer peripheral surface 150 of the flower pot 142. In a further alternative, the bonding material may be disposed on both the flower pot 142 and the sleeve 182 a (not shown).

[0160] Alternatively, the sleeve 182 a may extend over a flower pot 142 already covered by a decorative cover such as the decorative covers 140 or 162 (FIGS. 25 and 26), the sleeve 182 a often being torn away from the decorative cover 140 or 162 after shipment and delivery (not shown).

[0161] It will be appreciated that the method of disposing the flower pot 142 into the sleeve 182 a is generally substantially similar to the method described above for disposing the floral grouping 110 into the sleeve 182.

Embodiment of FIG. 36

[0162] Shown in FIG. 36 and designated therein by the general reference numeral 210 is a wrapper for a floral grouping 212 comprising a sleeve 182 b and a floral grouping 212, the sleeve 182 b being constructed from the holographic material 10 g and being substantially similar to the sleeve 182 as shown in FIGS. 29-32 and described in detail herein previously. The wrapper 210 is similar to the wrapper 180 above, except that the wrapper 210 is a narrow tubular shape which is constructed to accommodate a floral grouping 212 comprising generally only a single bloom 214 and stem 216. The holographic design 14 g of the holographic material 10 g is visible on at least a portion of the sleeve 182 b, thereby providing the wrapper 210 with a holographic effect.

[0163] The method of use of the wrapper 210 is similar to the method of use of the wrapper 180 shown in FIGS. 29-32 and described in detail herein above.

[0164] For the sake of brevity, only the use of holographic materials similar to the holographic material 10 for providing decorative covers and wrappers for floral groupings such as cut flowers and potted plants have been described herein. However, it will be understood that holographic materials similar to the holographic materials 10 a-10 d may be used in the same manner. In addition, while several uses of the holographic materials 10-10 d have been disclosed herein, other products which can be produced from the holographic materials of the present invention include sunglasses, sun visors, controlled spectrum lighting, decorative functional boxes and bags, ornaments, window decorations, clothing, signs, highway markings, anti-counterfeiting and copying devices, toys and toy enhancements, heat shielding, radiation shielding, spectrum-modifying glazing and other spectrum-modifying devices, protective coverings for solar cells, insulating material for buildings, refrigerators and freezers, and other insulating needs, greenhouse and terrarium films, UV blocking materials, and photographic and light filters.

[0165] From the above description, it is clear that the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and to attain the advantages mentioned herein as well as those inherent in the invention. While presently preferred embodiments of the invention have been described for purposes of this disclosure, it will be understood that numerous changes may be made which will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art and which are accomplished within the spirit of the invention disclosed and as defined in the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A holographic material produced by a continuous process comprising the steps of: providing a printing element having a polished, resilient surface; applying a coating capable of receiving a holographic image to the polished, resilient surface of the printing element to provide a coated surface; engraving the coated surface to provide a holographic image thereon, the holographic image having a first surface and a second surface wherein the second surface of the holographic image is disposed substantially adjacent the polished, resilient surface of the printing element; providing a substrate having a smooth surface; applying a bonding material to at least one of the substrate and the first surface of the holographic image; disposing the substrate adjacent the first surface of the holographic image so as to bondingly connect the holographic image to the substrate, thereby producing a holographic material and thus removing the holographic material from the polished, resilient surface of the printing element.
 2. The holographic material produced by the continuous process of claim 1 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the printing element is selected from the group consisting of a cylindrical drum and a roller.
 3. The holographic material produced by the continuous process of claim 1 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the printing element is constructed of a material selected from the group consisting of chrome, stainless steel and tool steel.
 4. The holographic material produced by the continuous process of claim 1 wherein, in the step of applying a coating, the coating applied to the polished, resilient surface of the printing element is selected from the group consisting of metallic polymeric film, non-metallic polymer film, foil, metallized lacquer, non-metallized lacquer, iridescent film, ink containing metallized glitter mixed with a lacquer, and combinations thereof.
 5. The holographic material produced by the continuous process of claim 1 wherein, in the step of providing a substrate, the substrate is constructed of a material selected from the group consisting of polymeric film, foil, paper, tissue, laminates thereof and combinations thereof.
 6. A holographic material produced by a continuous process comprising the steps of: providing a printing element having a polished, resilient surface; applying a coating capable of receiving a holographic image to the polished, resilient surface of the printing element to provide a coated surface; engraving the coated surface to provide an image on the coating; applying a metallic constituent or component to the image to provide a holographic image having a first surface and a second surface wherein the second surface of the holographic image is disposed substantially adjacent the polished, resilient surface of the printing element; providing a substrate having a smooth surface; applying a bonding material to at least one of the substrate and the first surface of the holographic image; disposing the substrate adjacent the first surface of the holographic image so as to bondingly connect the holographic image to the substrate, thereby producing a holographic material and thus removing the holographic material from the polished, resilient surface of the printing element.
 7. The holographic material produced by the continuous process of claim 6 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the printing element is selected from the group consisting of a cylindrical drum and a roller.
 8. The holographic material produced by the continuous process of claim 6 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the printing element is constructed of a material selected from the group consisting of chrome, stainless steel and tool steel.
 9. The holographic material produced by the continuous process of claim 6 wherein, in the step of applying a coating, the coating is selected from the group consisting of polymeric film, foil, lacquer and combinations thereof.
 10. The holographic material produced by the continuous process of claim 36 wherein, in the step of providing a substrate, the substrate is selected from the group consisting of polymeric film, foil, paper, tissue, laminates thereof and combinations thereof. 